Some commands have special locations, but most are located by the needs of the specific program. The PROGRAM card is always first. Statements giving variable types (INTEGER, REAL, LOGICAL, CHARACTER, ...) should precede "executable" statements. The... Read More

For the work in this class, you should assume that everything happens in whatever directory you are in when you type the "f77". Type "pwd" if you don't know the answer to this question. The executable file called "f77" resides both in /bin and ... Read More

Most frequently, logical variables are used in association with IF statements. When you want to set a logical variable LVAR to true you use "LVAR=.TRUE.". For false use "LVAR=.FALSE." In practice the computer usually stores an integer 0 in memory for... Read More

You can pick up one on the internet from the GNU project, but get a better package from MOC for about $80.00. Read More

Both can store similar types of information in a neatly labeled and organized way. The advantage lies in where they are used. You have more control over how Fortran arrays are used than how the contents of a spreadsheet are used. In addition for any... Read More

Two reasons. Factorial isn't all that common in heavy duty scientific and engineering applications. When it does occur, it almost always in a context where it is more computationally efficient to generate it as you go. You need 2! first then 3!,... Read More

You have to get a feel for the location of the 72nd character position on the screen, or do a lot of counting. Once you hit column 72, you must hit the RETURN key, put some character (I like & or #) in column 6 of the next line then pick up... Read More

Sorry, but there are too many pages involved, and copyright problems with the standard Fortran manuals sold by computer software vendors. You're stuck with the text and Web pages, buying something else from a bookstore, or buying a Fortran... Read More

I have forgotten what little Pascal that I knew. Take a look at the Fortran CASE statement on page 524 of the text, or in class notes. Read More

Do we need to prompt the user for input on our programs? Read More

I hope the lines aren't totally empty. They should contain a "c" in column one. These "blank" lines are just to make the comments stand out from Fortran code lines or to highlight key blocks of a program. Read More

No. Spaces are generally added for clarity. Some compilers get upset if you write things like " INTEGERI,J" rather than INTEGER I,J". Simple neatness will keep you out of these problems. Remember that a space is required in column 6 if you aren'... Read More