400..300 Explanation: printf takes the values of the first two assignments of the program. Any number of printf’s may be given. All of them take only the first two values. If more number of assignments given in the program,then printf will take... Read More

you can have different record length member in a pds but while concatenating all the members must have same logical record length. Read More

Suppose i have 110 steps , and i want to execute only step 100, step 1 to 99 and step 101 to 110 should not be execute. How i will do this. 1.we can do it by using COND parameter in JOB statement. 2.we can do it by commenting all... Read More

1 2 Explanation: The sizeof() operator gives the number of bytes taken by its operand. P is a character pointer, which needs one byte for storing its value (a character). Hence sizeof(*p) gives a value of 1. Since it needs two bytes to store the... Read More

All indicate dataset out of space. SD37 - no secondary allocation was specified. SB37 - end of vol. and no further volumes specified. SE37 - Max. of 16 extents already allocated. Read More

Answer: 0001...0002...0004 Read More

Return Code in JCL can b obtained by the use of COND paramater...it is used to know the return codes of previous steps. Read More

Provide the override on the EXEC stmt in the JCL as follows: //STEP001 EXEC procname,COND.stepname=value All parameters on an EXEC stmt in the proc such as COND, PARM have to be overridden like this. Read More

JCL is not a programming language, it’s a script language for executing programs and defining data that programs use. Write a COBOL program to multiply the negative numbers by -1. Then use JCL to execute the program. Read More

PS - QSAM, PO - Partitioned, IS - ISAM Read More

Compiler error Explanation: i is a constant. you cannot change the value of constant Read More

This is an MVS message indicating that a duplicate catalog entry exists. E.g., if you already have a dataset with dsn = ?xxxx.yyyy? and u try to create one with disp new,catlg, you would get this error. the program open and write would go through and... Read More

Indicates a time out abend. Your program has taken more CPU time than the default limit for the job class. Could indicate an infinite loop. Read More

Compiler Error: Constant expression required in function main. Explanation: The case statement can have only constant expressions (this implies that we cannot use variable names directly so an error). Note: Enumerated types can be used in case... Read More

1 Explanation: before entering into the for loop the checking condition is "evaluated". Here it evaluates to 0 (false) and comes out of the loop, and i is incremented (note the semicolon after the for loop). Read More

If you r calling your sub pgm dynamically then DD stmt would be://SETP01 exec IGYWCL//COBOL.SYSIN DD DSN= NAME OF PDS(MAIN PROGRAM //LKED.SYSLMOD DD DSN= PDS NAME FOR LOAD MODULE//STEPLIB DD DSN=( NAME OF PDS WHICH CONTAINS THE LOAD MODULE OF SUB PGM... Read More

0 0 0 0 Explanation: The variable "I" is declared as static, hence memory for I will be allocated for only once, as it encounters the statement. The function main() will be called recursively unless I becomes equal to 0, and since main() is... Read More

This is a new file and create it, if the step terminates normally, pass it to the subsequent steps and if step abends, delete it. This dataset will not exist beyond the JCL. Read More

100 Read More

By using the IF and END IF IF (rc<0) ---------- Endif Read More

Concatenation is also used to append files in the JCL for a single ddname. The order of appending will be from top FILE to bottom FILE. And the order of the RECORDS concatenated, stays still. MERGing files differ from concatenation, in a way that... Read More

Caused by invalid data in a numeric field. Read More

Cobol 2002 is based on Object Oriented Concepts and is the latest version of it. I guess Mainframes with OO will soon be launched as the heart of it ie Cobol is already ready with OO. Read More

NO Read More

PROC stands for procedure. It is 'canned' JCL invoked by a PROC statement. An instream PROC is presented within the JCL; a catalogued PROC is referenced from a proclib partitioned dataset. proc is set of predefined... Read More

S322 means the system has run out on the CPU time and the job is being cancelled. My first guess is, check your program if it went into any infinite loop, if not try to change the class and Time keyord parameters in the JCL. If you still get the... Read More

SYSPRINT: All system output will appear under this DD card. Suppose you are copy’ing a VSAM file using IDCAMS. Then, number of records processed, highest condition code etc.. will appear under sysprint. You cannot customise SYSPRINToutput. ... Read More

DCB stands for data control block; it is a keyword for the DD statement used to describe datasets. Keywords associated with it are BLKSIZE, DEN, LRECL and RECFM. Read More

Need to supply volume serial no. VOL=SER=xxxx. Read More

Unless allocated earlier, will have the foll parameters: DISP=(NEW,CATLG,DELETE), UNIT , SPACE & DCB . Read More

Compiler Error : Type mismatch in redeclaration of function display Explanation : In third line, when the function display is encountered, the compiler doesn’t know anything about the function display. It assumes the arguments and... Read More

hai Explanation: - newline  - backspace - linefeed Read More

Means execute this step even if any of the previous steps, terminated abnormally. Read More

Means execute this step only if any of the previous steps, terminated abnormally. Read More

TRUE Explanation: The input program to the compiler after processing by the preprocessor is, main(){ if(0) puts("NULL"); else if(-1) puts("TRUE"); else puts("FALSE"); } Preprocessor doesn't replace the values given inside the... Read More

If you use 'IF and END IF', step will get executed when IF is satisfied. In case of COND parameter, step is bypassed when Read More

10 Explanation: The variable i is a block level variable and the visibility is inside that block only. But the lifetime of i is lifetime of the function so it lives upto the exit of main function. Since the i is still allocated space, *j prints the... Read More

Some part of the jcl is a must in all JCL’s we code For eg ://SYSIN statement ,//SYSOUT statement etc., Here SYSIN and SYSOUT are the keywords in jcl These keywords will not change for any JCL they are generic All others are... Read More

LRECL is the Logical RECord Length (or size of the record in bytes. BLKSIZE is the physical size, in bytes, of all the records that are grouped together into a block of records.Both LRECL and BLKSIZE are expressed as bytes. Read More

IEFBR14 is an IBM-supplied assembler program,which does nothing but gives control to os/390. It forces os/390 to executes the subsequent job steps of allocation or deallocation. This is one way of creating datasets. IEFBR14 is an... Read More

Garbage values Explanation: The inner printf executes first to print some garbage value. The printf returns no of characters printed and this value also cannot be predicted. Still the outer printf prints something and so returns a non-zero value. So... Read More

The space allocated when the data set is first created. Read More

16 extents on a volume for a sequential file and 123 for a VSAM file. Read More

Specify the parameter RLSE ( release ) in the SPACE e.g. SPACE=(CYL,(50,50),RLSE) Read More

H Explanation: * is a dereference operator & is a reference operator. They can be applied any number of times provided it is meaningful. Here p points to the first character in the string "Hello". *p dereferences it and so its value is H. Again ... Read More

Output Cannot be predicted exactly. Explanation: Side effects are involved in the evaluation of i Read More

Multiple jobs are submitted (as many jobs as the number of JOB cards). Read More

Addressing mode specifies the architecture used, ie 24 bit addressing mode or the 31 bit addressing mode,ie, Amode=24 or Amode=31. The residential or Rmode is used to specify whether or not the job exists above or below the 16Mb line, ie,... Read More

First any private libraries as specified in the STEPLIB or JOBLIB, then the system libraries such as SYS1.LINKLIB. The system libraries are specified in the linklist. Read More

i = -1, -i = 1 Explanation: -i is executed and this execution doesn't affect the value of i. In printf first you just print the value of i. After that the value of the expression -i = -(-1) is printed. Read More

Secondary allocation is done when more space is required than what has already been allocated. Read More

Used to indicate the step, procedure step or checkpoint at which the system is to restart the job. Syntax: RESTART=STEPNAME If the step we, which we want to restart is in a procedure then we have to mention the procedure name also before the... Read More

sysut1 for first dataset. sysut2 for second dataset. Read More

Garbage values. Explanation: An identifier is available to use in program code from the point of its declaration. So expressions such as i = i++ are valid statements. The i, j and k are automatic variables and so they contain some garbage value.... Read More

u can use tso command "COUNT" over sequential dataset to know the number of records in it with out browsing it. Read More

The REGION parameter requests storage for individual steps.The ADDRSPC parameter prevents the step from being paged. The default is ADDRSPC=VIRT which allows it to be paged. If set to ADDRSPC=REAL, the step will be locked into real storage during the... Read More

DISP=OLD --> Exclusive HOLD. Read from beginning of dataset. But if u write, then it will overwrite on existing data. i.e old data is lost. DISP=MOD --> Exclusive HOLD. You can write to the end of the file without loosing your old data (i.e... Read More

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 65535 65534?.. Explanation: Since i is an unsigned integer it can never become negative. So the expression i-- >=0 will always be true, leading to an infinite loop. Read More

Linker Error : Undefined symbol ’_i’ Explanation: extern storage class in the following declaration, extern int i; specifies to the compiler that the memory for i is allocated in some other program... Read More

fff0 Explanation : -1 is internally represented as all 1’s. When left shifted four times the least significant 4 bits are filled with 0’s.The %x format specifier specifies that the integer value be printed as a hexadecimal value. Read More

//<stepname.dd> DSN=... Read More

ibj!gsjfoet Explanation: ++*p++ will be parse in the given order  *p that is value at the location currently pointed by p will be taken  ++*p the retrieved value will be incremented  when ; is encountered the location will be incremented... Read More

50 Explanation: The preprocessor directives can be redefined anywhere in the program. So the most recently assigned value will be taken. Read More

100 Explanation: Preprocessor executes as a seperate pass before the execution of the compiler. So textual replacement of clrscr() to 100 occurs.The input program to compiler looks like this : main() { 100; printf("%d ",100); } ... Read More

To override the REGION defined at the JOB card level. REGION specifies the max region size. REGION=0K or 0M or omitting REGION means no limit will be applied. Read More

0..1..2 Explanation: enum assigns numbers starting from 0, if not explicitly defined. Read More

TIME parameter can be used to overcome S322 abends for programs that genuinely need more CPU time. TIME=1440 means no CPU time limit is to be applied to this step. Read More

initiator is a special address register. initiators are the special address space which maps a job according to it’s assigned class. class is againg installation depandent i.e a-z,0-9 or Initiator is a Special address... Read More

TYPERUN=SCAN on the JOB card or use JSCAN. Read More

Used to copy one QSAM file to another. Source dataset should be described using SYSUT1 ddname. Destination dataset should be decribed using SYSUT2. IEBGENR can also do some reformatting of data by supplying control cards via SYSIN. Read More

Code the DSN as pds(member) with a DISP of SHR. The disp applies to the pds and not to a specific member. Read More

Explanation: Scanf returns number of items successfully read and not 1/0. Here 10 is given as input which should have been scanned successfully. So number of items read is 1. Read More

To run a non DB2 program, //STEP001 EXEC PGM=MYPROG To run a DB2 program, //STEP001 EXEC PGM=IKJEFT01 //SYSTSIN DD * DSN SYSTEM(....) RUN PROGRAM(MYPROG) PLAN(.....) LIB(....) PARMS(...) /* Read More

Specifies that the private library (or libraries) specified should be searched before the default system libraries in order to locate a program to be executed. STEPLIB applies only to the particular step, JOBLIB to all steps in the job. Read More

JOBLIB is ignored. Read More

There is much faster way to do the same: - Use FAVER utility to take a back up (very fast). It will contain data as well as all definitions (base cluster, AIX, path, all parameters) - XMIT dataset to hwre is has to go - Use FAVER utility to... Read More

The library with the largest block size should be the first one. Read More

The disp in the JCL is SHR and the pgm opens the file in EXTEND mode. What happens ? Records will be written to end of file (append) when a WRITE is done in both cases. Read More

The JOB statement is the first in a JCL stream. Its format is // jobname, keyword JOB, accounting information in brackets and keywords, MSGCLASS, MSGLEVEL, NOTIFY, CLASS, etc. job statement is mainly used to identify job, and... Read More

a: The SEEK_SET sets the file position marker to the starting of the file. b: The SEEK_CUR sets the file position marker to the current position of the file. Read More

First it checks for the leading white space and discards it.Then it matches with a quotation mark and then it reads all character upto another quotation mark. Read More

Its the Data Definition (DD) statement It should not exceed 8 characters It is normally the identifier name which we give in the cobol program to identify the that the trailing DSN is for the particular DD name for eg: COMMLY DD ... Read More

Answer & Explanation: fgets returns a pointer. So the correct end of file check is checking for != NULL. Read More

DISP=MOD is used when the dataset can be extended, ie, you can add records at the end of an existing dataset. Read More

COND specifies the conditions for executing the subsequent job step. The value after the COND= is compared to the return codes of the preceding steps and if the comparison is true, the step is bypassed. (If this answer confuses you, welcome to the... Read More

Parm is used in exec statement to pass the value to the application program. it is a length of 100 char and it can be it can be acccepted in linkage section.//stepname dd pgm=prog1, parm= hello Read More

TIME specifies the maximum CPU time allocated for a particular job or job step. If TIME is in the JOB card, it relates to the entire job; if in the EXEC statement, it relates to the job step. Read More

garbagevalue..1 Explanation: p=&a[2][2][2] you declare only two 2D arrays. but you are trying to access the third 2D(which you are not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of a is assigned integer pointer. now q is... Read More

11 Explanation: the expression i+++j is treated as (i++ + j) Read More

300 Explanation: The pointer points to % since it is incremented twice and again decremented by 2, it points to '%d ' and 300 is printed. Read More

The MOD will cause the dataset to be created (if it does not exist), and then the two DELETEs will cause the dataset to be deleted whether the step abends or not. This disposition is used to clear out a dataset at the beginning of a job. Read More

we can use //* for writing the comments and also we can write any where after code give one space and write the comments ... Read More

The EXEC statement is given when we want to execute a particular program The EXEC statement should be followed by the program name eg : EXEC program1 Here, program1 is the name of the program EXEC statement is used to... Read More

Garbage-value 0 Explanation: The value of y%2 is 0. This value is assigned to x. The condition reduces to if (x) or in other words if(0) and so z goes uninitialized. Thumb Rule: Check all control paths to write bug free code. Read More

DISP=OLD denotes exclusive control of the dataset; DISP=MOD is used when the dataset can be extended, ie, you can add records at the end of an existing dataset. Read More

30,20,10 Explanation: ’{’ introduces new block and thus new scope. In the innermost block i is declared as, const volatile unsigned which is a valid declaration. i is assumed of type int. So printf prints 30. In the next block, i has... Read More

255 Read More

Use date parameter Read More

I hate U Explanation: For floating point numbers (float, double, long double) the values cannot be predicted exactly. Depending on the number of bytes, the precession with of the value represented varies. Float takes 4 bytes and longdouble takes 10... Read More

5 4 3 2 1 Explanation: When static storage class is given, it is initialized once. The change in the value of a static variable is retained even between the function calls. Main is also treated like any other ordinary function, which can be... Read More

That this is a new dataset and needs to be allocated, to CATLG the dataset if the step is successful and to KEEP but not CATLG the dataset if the step abends. Thus if the step abends, the dataset would not be catalogued and we would need to supply... Read More

c=2; Explanation: Here unary minus (or negation) operator is used twice. Same maths rules applies, ie. minus * minus= plus. Note: However you cannot give like --2. Because -- operator can only be applied to variables as a decrement... Read More

Temporary datasets can be created either by not specifying any DSNAME or by specifying the temporary file indicator as in DSN=&&TEMP. We use them to carry the output of one step to another step in the same job. The dataset will not be... Read More

77 Explanation: p is pointing to character ’ ’. str1 is pointing to character ’a’ ++*p. "p is pointing to ’ ’ and that is incremented by one." the ASCII value of ’ ’ is 10, which is then incremented to... Read More

Can use either condition codes or use the jcl control statement IF (only in ESA JCL) Read More

64 Explanation: the macro call square(4) will substituted by 4*4 so the expression becomes i = 64/4*4 . Since / and * has equal priority the expression will be evaluated as (64/4)*4 i.e. 16*4 = 64 Read More

Some address will be printed. Explanation: Function names are just addresses (just like array names are addresses). main() is also a function. So the address of function main will be printed. %p in printf specifies that the argument is an address.... Read More

No output/error Explanation: The first clrscr() occurs inside a function. So it becomes a function call. In the second clrscr(); is a function declaration (because it is not inside any function). Read More

On jobcard using RESTART option specify PROCName.StepName you want to restart at. Read More

Compiler error: Undefined label ’here’ in function main Explanation: Labels have functions scope, in other words The scope of the labels is limited to functions . The label ’here’ is available in function fun() Hence it is not... Read More

In os/390 installation, the system programmer defines several performance groups, which has specific performance characteristics like storage,speed etc. Now,each job class is associated with a default performance group. If one wants to override the... Read More

Compiler Error Explanation: The expression i+++++i is parsed as i ++ ++ + i which is an illegal combination of operators. Read More

An in-stream PROC is defined right in the jcl stream and doesn’t reside in the proclib. This is an older technique associated with punched cards but it is still in use with setup and installation programs from vendors. for the in-line perform... Read More

One way is to code SYSIN DD DUMMY in the PROC, and then override this from the JCL with instream data Read More

Never heard anything regarding any limit on number of jobs submitted. Read More

Compiler Error Explanation: Initialization should not be done for structure members inside the structure declaration Read More

Linker error: undefined symbol '_i'. Explanation: extern declaration specifies that the variable i is defined somewhere else. The compiler passes the external variable to be resolved by the linker. So compiler doesn't find an error.... Read More

Compiler error: undefined symbol out in function main. Explanation: The rule is that a variable is available for use from the point of declaration. Even though a is a global variable, it is not available formain. Hence an error. Read More

100 Explanation: This is the correct way of writing the previous program. Read More

Compier error: Type mismatch in redeclaration of show. Explanation: When the compiler sees the function show it doesn't know anything about it. So the default return type (ie, int) is assumed. But when compiler sees the actual definition ofshow... Read More

2 5 5 Explanation: In first sizeof, str1 is a character pointer so it gives you the size of the pointer variable. In second sizeof the name str2 indicates the name of the array whose size is 5 (including the ' Read More

0 Explanation: ! is a logical operator. In C the value 0 is considered to be the boolean value FALSE, and any non-zero value is considered to be the boolean value TRUE. Here 2 is a non-zero value so TRUE. !TRUE is FALSE (0) so it prints 0. Read More

1==1 is TRUE Explanation: When two strings are placed together (or separated by white-space) they are concatenated (this is called as "stringization" operation). So the string is as if it is given as "%d==1 is %s". The conditional operator( ?: )... Read More

Compiler error (in the line arr1 list = {0,1,2,3,4}) Explanation: arr2 is declared of type array of size 5 of characters. So it can be used to declare the variable name of the type arr2. But it is not the case of arr1. Hence an error. Rule of Thumb: ... Read More

hello 5 Explanation: if you declare i as register compiler will treat it as ordinary integer and it will take integer value. i value may be stored either in register or in memory. Read More

Compiler error. Explanation: argv[1] & argv[2] are strings. They are passed to the function sum without converting it to integer values. Read More

garbage value Explanation: ptr pointer is pointing to out of the array range of one_d. Read More

bye Explanation: ptr is array of pointers to functions of return type int.ptr[0] is assigned to address of the function aaa. Similarly ptr[1] and ptr[2] for bbb and ccc respectively. ptr[2]() is in effect of writing ccc(), since ptr[2] points to... Read More

4--0 3--1 2--2 Explanation: Let us assume some x= scanf("%d",&i)-t the values during execution will be, t i x 4 0 -4 3 1 -2 2 2 0 Read More

Explanation: i is an unsigned integer. It is compared with a signed value. Since the both types doesn't match, signed is promoted to unsigned value. The unsigned equivalent of -2 is a huge value so condition becomes false and control comes... Read More

Here value is 7 Explanation: The int ret(int ret), ie., the function name and the argument name can be the same. Firstly, the function ret() is called in which the sizeof(float) ie., 4 is passed, after the first expression the value in ret will be... Read More

here in 3 6 Explanation: The char array 'a' will hold the initialized string, whose length will be counted from 0 till the null character. Hence the 'I' will hold the value equal to 5, after the pre-increment in the printf... Read More

That this is a new dataset and needs to be allocated, to CATLG the dataset if the step is successful and to delete the dataset if the step abends. Read More

You can use the Internal reader to do so. //* //STEP050 EXEC PGM=IEBGENER //SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=* //SYSUT1 DD DSN=SYSPDA.JCLLIB(JCL2),DISP=SHR //SYSUT2 DD SYSOUT=(A,INTRDR) //SYSIN DD DUMMY Read More

In job card, specify RESTART=procstep.stepname where procstep = name of the jcl step that invoked the proc and stepname = name of the proc step where you want execution to start Read More

For an output file DUMMY specifies that the output is to be discarded. For input it specifies that the file is empty. Basically Dummy is used for testing purpose and lasts upto the job execution. Dummy is Used with " &&... Read More

Secondary allocation is done when more space is required than what has already been allocated. Read More

Answer: i=0 Explanation: In the expression !i>14 , NOT (!) operator has more precedence than ? >? symbol. ! is a unary logical operator. !i (!10) is 0 (not of true is false). 0>14 is false (zero). Read More

Caused by invalid data in a numeric field. Read More

Storage violation error - can be due to various reasons. e.g.: READING a file that is not open, invalid address referenced due to subscript error. Read More

Number of steps in 1 job - no more than 255. Read More

Member - i guess you mean PDS member - actually it doesn't matter from where job is submitted. How many will run - depends on the number of available initiators for Job clasess and job names for the same classes - some jobs may have to wait. Read More

//ABCD JCLLIB ORDER=(ME.MYPROCLIB,SYS1.PROCLIB) Read More

g20fy Explanation: Since a void pointer is used it can be type casted to any other type pointer. vp = &ch stores address of char ch and the next statement prints the value stored in vp after type casting it to the proper data type pointer. the... Read More

(blank space) irl rl l Read More

Control Statements 1) JOB - to identify the Job 2) EXEC - to identify which program has to Execute 3) DD - to supply the input/output files required for program execution There are two ways to control job processing in... Read More

Compiler Error. We cannot apply indirection on type void*. Explanation: Void pointer is a generic pointer type. No pointer arithmetic can be done on it. Void pointers are normally used for, 1. Passing generic pointers to functions and returning... Read More