ABSTRACT
Now a days ,we are facing lots of power problems because of scarcity of fuels such as nuclear fuel , coal etc . So there is need of going for some other fuels which are abundant in this nature. For example heat present in atmosphere, we feel atmospheric temperature is lower temperature, but it has lots of heat energy present in it.
But we do not have a proper heat engine that extract heat from atmosphere and produce
power. But, you might come across a contradiction that a heat engine operating exchanging heat from atmosphere (i.e. with one thermal reservoirs ) is impossible, but
the heat engine proposed in the following concept can produce power even though it is violating kelvinplanks statement. Now the working fluids that are being used in the following heat engine are cryogenic fluids.(i.e. fluids having boiling point lower than atmospheric temperature). These fluids extract heat from atmosphere and get converted
in to high pressure gas and by passing over a turbine power is produced. But now we need to go for refrigeration for making the fluid to reach the initial state i.e. liquid state.
But we need certain amount of work for refrigeration , and i.e. equal to amount of work
Obtained from turbine. Then net work will be zero. But by going to new techniques we can make net work greater than zero. Those new techniques are discussed in the following pages, which are not yet invented in this world.

And this is new concept developed basing on few principles and contradicting few statements from the text books which are specified at the end of this file.


CASE 1: POWER PRODUCTION USING ATMOSPHERIC HEAT

We believe that we require two thermal reservoirs for a heat engine to work according to second law of thermodynamics. So, we are creating higher temperature compared to atmospheric temperature, by burning certain fuels such as petrol coal etc.

Now let us create a lower temperature compared to atmospheric temperature, so that there will be two thermal reservoirs, where atmospheric temperature is higher temperature. Therefore a heat engine can be operated between them and work can be extracted
Now this lower temperature is created by going to refrigeration process. This refrigeration is done by supplying work which is developed by heat engine.

Now this lower temperature is created by going to refrigeration process. This refrigeration is done by supplying work which is developed by heat engine.



CASE 2:
Since the heat engine and refrigerator are operating between same temperatures, work developed by heat engine and work required by refrigerator are equal. So the net work done will be zero. So this type of engine does not serve any work.
But we need to recognize that we are extracting certain amount of heat from atmosphere i.e our heat engine is extracting heat from atmosphere. So, let us develop a new equipment, so that we can have a system being maintained at lower temperature compared to atmospheric temperature
DEVELOPMENT OF SUCH TYPE OF EQUIPMENT
Normally, since the heat engine must extract heat from atmosphere the boiling point must be less than atmospheric temperature. So the liquid which is passing through the pipes of heat engine will have lower temperature than atmospheric
Now we pass these pipes through a box which is constructed with walls which are nearly insulated. The liquid through the pipes will start extracting heat from that container. Now the closed container gets refrigerated .After this process we make these pipe lines pass through atmosphere and the liquid will extract heat from atmosphere and gets converted into high pressure gas. So, we could extract work by passing this gas over a turbine, if it would had been practically possible( assumption made initially )So form above theory we can come to a conclusion that we can produce a container which is being maintained at lower temperature compared to atmospheric temperature, because we have already observed that no work input is given to the system in case 1 and we have created lower temperature.
Now we operate a heat engine between atmospheric temperature and lower temperature is has been created by using the process in case 1 i.e. heat rejected by heat engine is absorbed by container which is at lower temperature (it has been already shown that container is at lower temperature in above case).
Now in turn this heat engine will extract heat from atmosphere. And we can again develop a container by using above concept of container with walls and passing of pipes through that container. So in this way we can operate infinite number of heat engines and we can produce infinite amount of work.
But, we can also observe that these heat engines (Total system present in the double lined box) are operating by exchanging heat with only one reservoir where this process is violating Kelvin Plank’s Statement. Even though it is violating this statement we are producing work from that heat engine as shown in diagram.So from above discussion above we can approve that Kelvin planks statement is not applicable to heat engine designed in above concept.

CASE 3: EX HAUST GASES FROM POWER PLANTS AS FUEL

Now let us consider the heat engine is operating at a temperature which is higher than atmospheric temperature i.e. by burning garbage or temperature of
Exhaust gases and the other temperature is created lower temperature.
And now the refrigerator works between atmospheric temperature and created lower temperature. So here the refrigerator is rejecting heat to a temperature (atmospheric temperature) which is lower than the temperature where heat engine is absorbing heat
(exhaust gas temperature ).so work required by refrigerator is less than the work developed by the heat engine. (more clearly understood by diagram).
From above theory we can observe that we can extract certain amount of energy from
low quality energy.Let us see practical equipment required if it would have been practically possibleSo let us consider working fluid being used is liquid used is having a boiling point of 100 k
DIAGRAM SHOWING EQUIPMENT OF ABOVE THEORITICAL CONCEPT
Formerly we have seen that the heat rejected by heat engine is absorbed by refrigerator but instead of using two liquids separately for refrigerator and heat engine
So manipulate an engine such that only one working fluid is used by combining both the processes of compression in refrigeration and expantion in heat engine.

CYCLE:-
(1) The liquid first extracts heat from atmosphere and converts into high pressure gas
(2) This high pressure gas is expanded in turbine
(3)The exhaust gas with rejected heat from turbine is sent to compressor
(4)Now this compressed gas is sent to heat exchanger where heat is rejected
(5)And from heat exchanger to expander where gas is converted in to fluid
(6)And then using pump the fluid is sent to boiler again.

Conclusion:-
So, from above concept we can conclude that we can produce power by exchanging heat with only one reservoir. And this is the process which produces power even though it has violated Kelvin planks second law of thermodynamics. And in the same way this process also violates clacius second law of thermodynamics(i.e. in the case1 lower temperature being maintained with out supplying any work.).
Now we can produce infinite amount of power with out spend a single rupee for fuel. And there will be no power problems.