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Download The Unix Paper Presentation


Title: Usefull Linux networking commands

Title: Usefull Linux networking commands



Description: What is an Operating System?

By operating system, we mean the suite of programs which make the computer work. These are the set of programs which are loaded during the startup of a computer and runs until the system is switched off.

It is the operating system, which loads and runs other applications like MS-office suite or other such user applications.

Examples of popular operating systems

Windows

Novell Netware

Unix

Single-user operating systems, like DOS, or the Macintosh System

/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start - command to start, restart or stop the network

netstat - Display connections, routing tables, stats etc

o List externally connected processes: netstat -punta

o List all connected processes: netstat -nap

o Show network statistics: netstat -s

o Kernel interface table info: netstat -a -i eth0

ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. Use Cntl-C to stop ping.

traceroute - print the route packets take to network host

o traceroute IP-address-of-server

o traceroute domain-name-of-server

mtr - a network diagnostic tool introduced in Fedora - Like traceroute except it gives more network quality and network diagnostic info. Leave running to get real time stats. Reports best and worst round trip times in milliseconds.

o mtr IP-address-of-server

o mtr domain-name-of-server

whois - Lookup a domain name in the internic whois database.

finger - Display information on a system user. i.e. finger user@host Uses $HOME/.plan and $HOME/.project user files. Often used by game developers.

iptables - IP firewall administration (Linux kernel 2.6/2.4).

ipchains - IP firewall administration (Linux kernel 2.2)

socklist- Display list of open sockets, type, port, process id and the name of the process. Kill with fuser or kill.

host- Give a host name and the command will return IP address. Unlike nslookup, the host command will use both /etc/hosts as well as DNS.

Example: host domain-name-of-server

nslookup - Give a host name and the command will return IP address. Also see Note that nslookup does not use the /etc/hosts file.

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ADVANCED ROBOTIC APPLICATIONS CYBORGS People usually agree that we are living through a technological revolution, and at the same time they seem confused about what it means. A revolution may be defined as a leap between two quasi-stationary states, so if we want to understand the meaning of it, we should identify the current and next stages, as well as the nature and purpose of the transition. Cybernetic tehnologies stands as a best example for this. cyborgs are more frequently people who use cybernetic technology to repair or overcome the physical and mental constraints of their bodies a person becomes capable of much more than they were before.
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Distributed Systems Architecture and Implementation A Few decades ago, image processing was done largely in the analog domain, chiefly by optical Devices. These optical methods are still essential to applications such as holography because they are Inherently parallel, however due to the significant increase in computer speed, these techniques are Increasingly being replaced by digital image processing methods.
DRIVING WITHOUT WHEELS FLYING WITHOUT WINGS A Few decades ago, image processing was done largely in the analog domain, chiefly by optical Devices. These optical methods are still essential to applications such as holography because they are Inherently parallel, however due to the significant increase in computer speed, these techniques are Increasingly being replaced by digital image processing methods.
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Eye Movement-Based HumanComputer Interaction Techniques Style sheets describe how documents are presented on screens,in print ,or perhaps how they are pronounced.By attaching style sheet to the structured documents on the Web authors and readers can influence the presentation on documents without sacrificing device-independence or adding new HTML tags
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