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Download The PHP Engineering Project

Title: simple financial management

The Domain "Financial Management System" which keep the day by day tally record as a complete banking or financial system. It can keep the information of Saver, Loaner, Share Holder, Expenditure, Income and Contra. The exciting part of this project is; it displays the day book, Profit and Loss Acc, Statistical Summary and Interest Information.

SYNOPSIS

The Domain "Financial Management System" which keeps the day by day tally record as a complete banking or financial system. It can keep the information of Saver, Loaner, Share Holder, Expenditure, and Income Contra. The exciting part of this project is; it displays the day book, Profit and Loss Acc, Statistical Summary and Interest Information.

AIM

In the existing system the transactions are done only manually but in proposed system we have to computerize all the banking transaction using the software Financial Management System. They are:

Administrative Module

This module is the main module which performs all the main operations in the system. The major operations in the system are:

. Admin login

. Add/Delete/Update Employee

. Add/Delete/Update Member

. Transaction

. Searching account information/Transaction information

. Income

. Contra

. Profit and Loss

. Summary

. Report generation

. Change Password

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

System analysis is a process of gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problems and the information to recommend improvements on the system. It is a problem solving activity that requires intensive communication between the system users and system developers. System analysis or study is an important phase of any system development process. The system is studied to the minutest detail and analyzed. The system analyst plays the role of the interrogator and dwells deep into the working of the present system. The system is viewed as a whole and the input to the system are identified. The outputs from the organizations are traced to the various processes. System analysis is concerned with becoming aware of the problem, identifying the relevant and decisional variables, analyzing and synthesizing the various factors and determining an optimal or at least a satisfactory solution or program of action.

A detailed study of the process must be made by various techniques like interviews, questionnaires etc. The data collected by these sources must be scrutinized to arrive to a conclusion. The conclusion is an understanding of how the system functions. This system is called the existing system. Now the existing system is subjected to close study and problem areas are identified. The designer now functions as a problem solver and tries to sort out the difficulties that the enterprise faces. The solutions are given as proposals. The proposal is then weighed with the existing system analytically and the best one is selected. The proposal is presented to the user for an endorsement by the user. The proposal is reviewed on user request and suitable changes are made. This is loop that ends as soon as the user is satisfied with proposal.

Preliminary study is the process of gathering and interpreting facts, using the information for further studies on the system. Preliminary study is problem solving activity that requires intensive communication between the system users and system developers. It does various feasibility studies. In these studies a rough figure of the system activities can be obtained, from which the decision about the strategies to be followed for effective system study and analysis can be taken.

UNIT TESTING

Unit testing focuses verification effort on the smallest unit of software design - the software component or module. Using the component level design description as a guide, important control paths are tested to uncover errors within the boundary of the module. The relative complexity of tests and uncovered scope established for unit testing. The unit testing is white-box oriented, and step can be conducted in parallel for multiple components. The modular interface is tested to ensure that information properly flows into and out of the program unit under test. The local data structure is examined to ensure that data stored temporarily maintains its integrity during all steps in an algorithm's execution. Boundary conditions are tested to ensure that all statements in a module have been executed at least once. Finally, all error handling paths are tested.

Tests of data flow across a module interface are required before any other test is initiated. If data do not enter and exit properly, all other tests are moot. Selective testing of execution paths is an essential task during the unit test. Good design dictates that error conditions be anticipated and error handling paths set up to reroute or cleanly terminate processing when an error does occur. Boundary testing is the last task of unit testing step. Software often fails at its boundaries.

Unit testing was done in Sell-Soft System by treating each module as separate entity and testing each one of them with a wide spectrum of test inputs. Some flaws in the internal logic of the modules were found and were rectified.

INTEGRATION TESTING

Integration testing is systematic technique for constructing the program structure while at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with interfacing. The objective is to take unit tested components and build a program structure that has been dictated by design. The entire program is tested as whole. Correction is difficult because isolation of causes is complicated by vast expanse of entire program. Once these errors are corrected, new ones appear and the process continues in a seemingly endless loop.

After unit testing in Sell-Soft System all the modules were integrated to test for any inconsistencies in the interfaces. Moreover differences in program structures were removed and a unique program structure was evolved.

VALIDATION TESTING OR SYSTEM TESTING

This is the final step in testing. In this the entire system was tested as a whole with all forms, code, modules and class modules. This form of testing is popularly known as Black Box testing or System testing.

Black Box testing method focuses on the functional requirements of the software. That is, Black Box testing enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program.

Black Box testing attempts to find errors in the following categories; incorrect or missing functions, interface errors, errors in data structures or external data access, performance errors and initialization errors and termination errors.

OUTPUT TESTING OR USER ACCEPTANCE TESTING

The system considered is tested for user acceptance; here it should satisfy the firm's need. The software should keep in touch with perspective system; user at the time of developing and making changes whenever required. This done with respect to the following points

Input Screen Designs,

Output Screen Designs,

Online message to guide the user and the like.

The above testing is done taking various kinds of test data. Preparation of test data plays a vital role in the system testing. After preparing the test data, the system under study is tested using that test data. While testing the system by which test data errors are again uncovered and corrected by using above testing steps and corrections are also noted for future use. 5.3. TRAINING

Once the system is successfully developed the next important step is to ensure that the administrators are well trained to handle the system. This is because the success of a system invariably depends on how they are operated and used. The implementation depends upon the right people being at the right place at the right time. Education involves creating the right atmosphere and motivating the user. The administrators are familiarized with the run procedures of the system, working through the sequence of activities on an ongoing basis.

Implementation is the state in the project where the theoretical design is turned into a working system. By this, the users get the confidence that the system will work effectively. The system can be implemented only after through testing. The systems personnel check the feasibility of the system. The actual data were inputted to the system and the working of the system was closely monitored. The master option was selected from the main menu and the actual data were input through the corresponding input screens. The data movement was studied and found to be correct queries option was then selected and this contains various reports. Utilities provide various data needed for inventory was input and the module was test run. Satisfactory results were obtained. Reports related to these processes were also successfully generated. Various input screen formats are listed in the appendix.

Implementation walkthroughs ensure that the completed system actually solves the original problem. This walkthrough occurs just before the system goes into use, and it should include careful review of all manuals, training materials and system documentation. Again, users, the analyst and the members of the computer services staff may attend this meeting.

Scope of finance

What is finance? What are the financial activities of a firm? How are they related to the firm’s other activities? Firms establish manufacturing facilities for production of goods while some provide services to customers.

They sell their goods or services to earn profit.

They raise funds to acquire production and other various facilities.

Thus, the three most important activities of a business firm are:

i) Production

ii) Marketing

iii)Finance

The broad objective of any firm would be to raise the finance it needs and employ it in production and marketing activities in order to generate returns on the invested capital.

Therefore, there exists an inseperable relationship between finance on one hand and production and marketing on the other hand. A regular supply of finance in any firm ensures efficient production and marketing activities, which in turn helps returns, which again improves the flow of finance.

A company in a tight financial position may compromise on production and marketing activities which in turn leads to poor returns and poorer flow of funds.

Sources of Finance

All business enterprise have to raise funds from various sources in order to invest in their business and earn profits out of them. Funds raised are used for purchasing fixed assets and for working capital.

Fixed assets are those like land, building, machinery, office equipment, furniture etc. which have to be bought even before beginning the operations of the company.

Working capital is that which is required to meet the expenditure for day-to-day working of the business. It includes the cost of maintenance and service activities, cost of sales activities etc.

Following are the different methods of raising capital:

1.Internal sources

1.Retained equity earnings

This is the earnings of the shareholders retained for internal investment. However, care should be taken to protect the interest of shareholders.

2. Depreciation provisions

A depreciation account should be maintained to replace the existing machinery when it becomes uneconomical to use.A depreciation reserve can be maintained for this purpose.

3.Personal funds saved or Inherited

It is very essential that the owner of the company has assets of his own to win the confidence of external financiers.

4.Deferred taxation

This refers to the fund available due to deferred taxation which can be utilized.

Finance in the modern business world is regarded as lifeblood of business at enterprise. Finance function has become so important that it has given birth to financial management as a separate subject. So this subject is acquiring universal applicability. Financial management is that managerial activity which is concerned with the planning and controlling of the firm‟s financial resource as a separate activity of decline is of recent origin, it was a branch of economics till 1980. Still today it has no unique body of knowledge of its own and it dreams lively on economies for its theoretical concepts.

Financial management is broadly concerned with the acquisition and use of funds by a business firm. It deals with:

* How large should the firm be and how fast should it grow

* What should be the mix of the firm‟s financing?

* How should be the firm analysis, plan of control its financial affairs?

While the first three questions express extra salmon‟s conception of financial management as discussed in his clerical work, “The theory financial management”. The forth one represents an addition that is very relevant in the light of the responsibilities surrounded by financial managers in practice. The modern thinking in financial management records greater importance to management in decision making and formation of policy.

Financial management occupies key position in top management and plays a dynamic role in solving complex management problems. They are now responsible for snapping the fortunes of the enterprise and are involved in allocation of capital.

PHP, or PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. PHP is the widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. All types of open source PHP code and applications are available on Open Source Scripts.

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document. As a general-purpose programming language, PHP code is processed by an interpreter application in command-line mode performing desired operating system operations and producing program output on its standard output channel. It may also function as a graphical application. PHP is available as a processor for most modern web servers and as standalone interpreter on most operating systems and computing platforms.

The PHP Documentation Framework

The PHP documentation is written in XML using the DocBook DTD. If you would like to contribute to the PHP documentation project, you need to at least know the very basics of XML and DocBook.

The XML files are stored on a central server, and can be reached with a SVN client. There are many SVN clients you can use, although we recommend one command line tool or a proven WYSIWYG tool.

You will need more programs and tools to manipulate the XML files and test their content for errors. The tools you need depend on the operating system you use. Linux or some sort of Unix is recommended, although many things in phpdoc work on Windows. You will find more information about the tools you need in the tools section.

MySQL is a database.

The data in MySQL is stored in database objects called tables.

A table is a collection of related data entries and it consists of columns and rows.

Databases are useful when storing data into server. A company may have a database with the following tables: "Employees", "Products", "Customers" and "Orders".

Basic object-oriented programming functionality was added in PHP 3 and improved in PHP 4. Object handling was completely rewritten for PHP 5, expanding the feature set and enhancing performance. In previous versions of PHP, objects were handled like value types. The drawback of this method was that the whole object was copied when a variable was assigned or passed as a parameter to a method. In the new approach, objects are referenced by handle, and not by value. PHP 5 introduced private and protected member variables and methods, along with abstract classes and final classes as well as abstract methods and final methods. It also introduced a standard way of declaring constructors and destructors, similar to that of other object-oriented languages such as C++, and a standard exception handling model. Furthermore, PHP 5 added interfaces and allowed for multiple interfaces to be implemented. There are special interfaces that allow objects to interact with the runtime system. Objects implementing ArrayAccess can be used with array syntax and objects implementing Iterator or IteratorAggregate can be used with the foreach language construct. There is no virtual table feature in the engine, so static variables are bound with a name instead of a reference at compile time.

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Title: simple financial management

Title: simple financial management

download simple financial management project

download simple financial management project